Japanese culture２ Relationship between Japanese culture and religion
Japan has long been a pantheistic natural worship and spiritual worship such as shamanism and animism, sun god worship, ancestral worship, religious culture based on polytheism. It also retains its ancient form in the faith of Okinawa.
Even though it is based on polytheism, if this country has unique features, it is the idea that "everything lives in utensils and words, sighing", such as needle dwelling [1], tool mounds and spirituality, breath There is also the idea that it appears in the expression, and even the enemies that have invaded are also enshrined (eg Mongolia Mounds). In Chinese culture there is also an influence from Confucianism, "Strike a whip with an enemy even a dead, Engrave a grudge on a stone" etc, but in Japan it is said that "In spite of enemies they do not hit a whip to the dead, I will make it flow. "
We have accepted Buddhism · Esoteric Buddhism originating from India far from the continent from the continent and have established our own Buddhism · Buddhism culture. Many traditions and customs have originated from Buddhism, many have influenced mutual influence with ancient Shinto and formed the foundation of Japanese faith and culture. Although Hinduism has hardly been directly transmitted to Japan, it has a great influence on Buddhism and Esoteric Buddhism, so there are gods from Hinduism in Japanese Buddhism and Shinto and have cultural influences .
Like other East Asian countries, we accepted "Confucianism" [3] and "Taoism", but its impact is not as high as that of the Korean Peninsula or China. Confucianism has an influence on the social nature such as the system of parents and parasites, the household owner and family system. The Meiji Restoration lost its position as an academic discipline, though thought was adopted as a teacher of education by the influence of a conservative Chinese scholar in the courtyard. Daoism is more than itself, Yin Yang Five Line, Yagami and Yodo and so on have prosperously prosperous from the Nara period to the Heian era, and now that thought has been handed down as customs with the rise of Yin Yang's teacher, as in Confucianism, It has changed to that of. As a concrete example, the zodiac and family crests, the four colors of Chirashi sushi and the colors of five colors are based on Yin Yang Five Line. It is said that martial arts became a trickery with Shinto as the basis, and Confucianism, Taoism and Zen Buddhism were added and it became an art with an open eye spirit and philosophy by training.
Japan has long allowed Shinto and Buddhism to study Shinto and Buddhism (Shinto and Buddhism), but in the early Meiji period Shinto and Buddhism were separated again, and many Buddhism and Shinto legacy were lost in the wave of Buddhist Buddhism. Shinto was regarded as a national Shinto, separated from Buddhism and indigenous customs, and was reorganized into faith centered on the Imperial family and linked with politics and education. Traditional Buddhism in Japan also cooperated with this to counter the threat of new religion and Christianity who expanded power in this era and continued to have a strong influence on Japanese society continuously in the Edo period. Freedom of religion was stipulated in the Constitution of Japan, but the government set up Shinto / Shrine at the top of other sects, based on the interpretation "Shinto is not a religion" (shrine theory of non religion). However, after the Second World War, the national Shinto was regarded as a means of national hegemony, and according to the instructions of GHQ, Shintoism was separated from politics and education and positioned as faith in the same line as other religions. Buddhism tends to become morose as a religion so that it is ridiculed as "funeral Buddhism", cultural values centered on Shinto and Buddhism are getting thin from the daily living consciousness of Japanese people.
Even if it is not the embodying of pure religious values, it is based on Shinto from the ancient times, on which Buddhism · esoteric religion, Confucianism and Taoism, or Christianity [4], including mixed outgoing religions While doing so, Japan's spirit and culture soil was formed today. These values based on mixed religion are deeply rooted in Japanese manners and customs, culture, influence various scenes such as festival, traditional entertainment, martial arts, agriculture, forestry, fishery industry, construction, civil engineering, New Year, Shichigosan etc. It has an aspect that it can not speak the essence of Japanese culture and spirit, with the exception of the religion which mainly consists of Shintoism.
In the various problems that the modern world has, such Japanese religious values are sometimes effective, and when it is considered as a methodology, for example, the culture of "Satoyama" or "forest of the guardian" or " There is a possibility that the tradition of "soybean culture (frugality, brewing is a priest)" may suggest a solution to the problem against the food crisis against environmental conservation. On the other hand, steep topography and rainfall caused water richness to "drain everything in water", but from the viewpoint of environmental problems and resource conservation caused by water pollution, the meaning of the word is getting thinner.
In terms of traditional arts and traditional sports, bowing, manners of manners and dining in everyday life, it has been pointed out that it respects "type" as a feature that is widespread and has been regarded as a beauty point in Japan. These include the influence of morality (great influence from each discipline) that has been adopted from everywhere and respect from the mind to avoid conflicting with people and to respect the harmony, respectfulness / consideration to the partner in silence There are many cases that are included. In recent years it has been replaced by "Etiquette" or "Manner" due to Westernization of lifestyle, there are voices of concern about the demonization of these traditional Japanese normative consciousness.
